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The technology is already widely used in multiple industries, including e-retail, banking, media, telecommunications, education, travel, hospitality, entertainment, health care, online gaming and law enforcement, for preventing online fraud, complying with regulations, managing digital rights and serving targeted marketing content and pricing. Geolocation technology has been under development only since 1999, and the first patents were granted in 2004.

Some sites detect the use of proxies and anonymizers, and may either block service or provide non-localized content in response. Technical measures for ensuring anonymity, such as proxy servers, can be used to circumvent restrictions imposed by geolocation software. In other cases, users prefer not to disclose their location for privacy or other reasons. In some cases, it is in the interest of users to be accurately located, for example, so that they can be offered information relevant to their location. Privacy Ī distinction can be made between co-operative and oppositional geolocation. The company used the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's coordinates for Pretoria, which pointed to the family's house, to represent IP addresses associated with Pretoria. This was also the result of geolocation by MaxMind. Since 2012, a family in Pretoria, South Africa, has been regularly visited by police or angry private citizens who believed their stolen phones were to be found in the family's backyard.

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If geolocation software maps IP addresses associated with an entire county or territory to a particular location, such as the geographic center of the territory, this can cause considerable problems for the people who happen to live there, as law enforcement authorities and others may mistakenly assume any crimes or other misconduct associated with the IP address to originate from that particular location.įor example, a farmstead northeast of Potwin, Kansas became the default site of 600 million IP addresses when the Massachusetts-based digital mapping company MaxMind changed the putative geographic center of the contiguous United States from 39.8333333,-98.585522 to 38.0000,-97.0000.

Utilizing third-party tests conducted by reputable organizations.

Statistical analysis of user submitted data.

Data scrubbing to filter out or identify anomalies.

Analysis of linguistic data from the device, using pretrained models that show that some term is frequently mentioned in a certain location (e.g.

Network routing information collected to the end point of the IP address.

Guesstimates from adjacent Class C range and/or gleaned from network hops.

Data contributed by Internet service providers.

Pairing a user's IP address with the GPS location of a device that's using such an IP address.

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Examination of neighborhood Bluetooth devices.

Wi-Fi positioning system through the examination of neighborhood Wi-Fi BSSID.a weather website asking visitors for a city name to find their local forecast or pairing a user's IP address with the address information in their account profile. Data mining or user-submitted geographic location data:.Starting from 20 allows assignees to specify location of any IP subnetwork they own. The registries allow assignees to specify country and geographical coordinates of each assigned block. RIPE Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC).Latin American and Caribbean Internet Address Registry (LACNIC).Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC).American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN).African Network Information Centre (AfriNIC).The primary source for IP address data is the regional Internet registries which allocate and distribute IP addresses amongst organizations located in their respective service regions: Some commercial databases have augmented geolocation software with demographic data to enable demographic-type targeting using IP address data.

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An alternative to hosting and querying a database is to obtain the country code for a given IP address through a DNSBL-style lookup from a remote server. These databases typically contain IP address data which may be used in firewalls, ad servers, routing, mail systems, web sites, and other automated systems where a geolocation may be useful.

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There are a number of free and paid subscription geolocation databases, ranging from country level to state or city-including ZIP/ post code level-each with varying claims of accuracy (generally higher at the country level). The protocol specifies that each IP packet must have a header which contains, among other things, the IP address of the sender. computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address is assigned to each device (e.g.